武士石刻(左)文臣石刻(右)

Stone Figure of Military General (Left), Stone Figure of Civil Official (Right)
南宋
Southern Song Dynasty (1125-1279)

(左)武士原件高350厘米,位于鄞州区东钱湖福泉山茶场王坟畈,原南宋太清宫对面,为南宋丞相史浩侧室、丞相史弥远母亲周惠墓前石刻。

武士神采奕奕,气宇轩昂,大有儒将风度。冠服装束按宫殿仪卫写实再现。头盔花纹精丽,风翅护耳,顶部缨须高耸;披兽面护肩,颈系围脖勒甲;胸腰部装饰胸带、护心锁子甲、护腰、裹肚、护心镜,下身饰膝裙、垂带、龙头剑、虎头靴等,精致华丽,显示出墓主人显赫的权势与地位,同时也从一个侧面反映出南宋丝绣服饰工艺发达的程度。

(右)文臣原件高300厘米。位于鄞州区东吴镇南村世忠寺山岙中,现藏鄞州东钱湖南宋石刻博物馆,为南宋兵部尚书史弥坚及其鲁国夫人、新安郡主(皇族)赵氏合葬墓前石刻。

史弥坚(公元1166-1232年), 南宋丞相史浩季子, 赠太傅、资政殿大学士。

文臣面相温和,脸庞饱满,态势虔诚;戴五梁进贤冠,后饰卷涡状纶巾,为诸葛武候冠式;着唐式圆领服,宽袍广袖,项上挂“曲领方心”,袍服缀珠饰玉,足履双头舄朝靴,风度翩翩。南宋皇朝重文轻武,故文臣最靠近墓室,表示“忠”。

(Left) The original figure, 350 cm in height, is placed in Wangfenfan, Fuquan Mountain Tea Farm, Dongqian Lake, Yinzhou District and used to be placed opposite the Taiqing Palace in the Southern Song dynasty. It was a tomb statue of Zhou Hui, mother of Prime Minister Shi Miyuan and concubine of Prime Minister Shi Hao of the Southern Song dynasty.

The warrior, in high spirits, has an imposing appearance, like a learned general. His attire, reproducing that of palace guards, is exquisite and gorgeous. The helmet shows exquisite patterns with earflaps and high crest. The warrior wears pauldrons in the shape of an animal face, and the gorget around the neck. The other parts of the armor include breastplates, a chain-mail shirt, faulds, and a round-shaped breastplate to protect the torso and waist, as well as tassets, drooping belts, a dragon-head sword, and tiger-head boots to protect the lower body. The attire of the figure indicates the eminent power and status of the tomb owner. Meanwhile, it also reflects the development of silk embroidery and cloth-making in the Southern Song dynasty.

(Right) The original figure, 300 cm in height, found in the hill of Shizhong Temple, Nancun Village, Dongwu Town, Yinzhou District, is now collected in the Southern Song Stone Park in the Dongqian Lake area, Yinzhou District, Ningbo. It was a tomb statue at the joint tomb of Shi Mijian, Minister of War in Southern Song dynasty, and his wife, Zhao, who was granted the honorary name of Lady of Lu State and Princess Xin’an (a royal member).

Shi Mijian (1166-1232), the youngest son of Prime Minister Shi Hao of the Southern Song dynasty, was posthumously honored as Grand Mentor and Grand Academician of the Zizheng Hall.

The stone figure depicts a dignified and elegant civil official, who is serene and full-faced with a reverent demeanor. He wears a five-beam Jinxian crown (a scholar-official’s headwear) adorned with a coiled silk ribbon at the back, which is modeled after the iconic headdress of Zhuge Liang, the famed Three Kingdoms strategist. He is in a Tang-style round-collared robe with wide sleeves and a flowing silhouette, accented by a ceremonial collar pendant symbolizing virtue. The robe is further embellished with jade and pearl beads, and the boots are double-tipped court boots. In the Southern Song dynasty, when the imperial court prioritized civil over military affairs, the statue of civil official was placed in the closest place to the burial chamber, symbolizing the loyalty of the tomb owner to the imperial court.